{"id":4933,"date":"2024-08-21T15:04:47","date_gmt":"2024-08-21T15:04:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/filter.watch\/english\/?p=4933"},"modified":"2025-06-03T08:40:50","modified_gmt":"2025-06-03T08:40:50","slug":"network-and-policy-monitoring-july-2024-the-crisis-of-power-production-led-to-internet-disruptions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/filter.watch\/english\/2024\/08\/21\/network-and-policy-monitoring-july-2024-the-crisis-of-power-production-led-to-internet-disruptions\/","title":{"rendered":"Power Crisis Contributes to Widespread Internet Disruptions"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As we slowly move past the aftermath of the fourteenth presidential election,despite the absence of significant progress in policy-making, there have been numerous changes in the area of network and internet access.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><b>Key Findings:<\/b><b><br \/>\n<\/b><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Policy-Making:<\/b><b><br \/>\n<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Policy-making institutions, like the Parliament, are acting contrary to the recommendations provided by their own research center.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Civil society's efforts to expose the dark policies of censorship have encountered security challenges.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The government is engaged in the development and implementation of tiered internet access.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Network and Connectivity:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the two days leading up to the first round of the fourteenth presidential election, disruptions were so severe that they effectively made it impossible to use the internet.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The electricity supply crisis became one of the main factors causing data centers to be disconnected from the network, leading to severe internet disruptions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Blanket filtering was applied to specific ranges of IP addresses from OVH and port 22.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Neshan navigation app was initially filtered for not imposing restrictions on its users regarding the use of VPNs, but it was unfiltered after a period.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><b>Parliament<\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At the level of the Islamic Consultative Assembly (Parliament), two different approaches were in play: one being the \"report by the Parliamentary Research Center\" and the other the \"two-urgency bill,\" each essentially following opposing directions.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Parliamentary Research Center, in a report titled \"<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/rc.majlis.ir\/fa\/report\/show\/1807993\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dynamics of Issues and Disarray in Iran's Cyberspace<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">,\" (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/filter.watch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/19885-1.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">alternate link<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) examined the state of Iran's \"cyberspace\" from various dimensions.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This report confirmed that despite the \"high internet penetration rate in the country,\" \"low internet quality,\" \"existing disruptions, restrictions on the internet and its low speed,\" and \"weakness in electronic security\" are factors causing disarray. In other words, disruptions in the network, repeatedly denied by Iranian officials, were not only confirmed in this report but were also identified as one of the factors causing disarray.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The report also identified the \"extensive use of foreign messengers and social networks compared to domestic ones\" as another factor causing disarray. This points to the failure of the internet censorship policy, as users continue to favor foreign platforms despite extensive censorship efforts.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Parliamentary Research Center report identified the presence of several \"decision-making bodies\" and \"various mechanisms\" in the field of filtering as one of the factors causing disarray and stated that the \"entry of other bodies into decision-making in this area\" has led to \"confusion and complexity\" in censorship.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At this point, we witness a contradiction between the findings of the Parliamentary Research Center and the urgent bill proposed by the representative from Bukan.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The issue arose when Mohammad Qasim Osmani, the representative of Bukan, introduced an <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sharghdaily.com\/%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B4-%D9%81%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C-298\/938005-%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%AD-%D8%AC%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AF-%D8%AF%D9%88-%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C-%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%B9-%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF-%DA%86%D9%87-%D9%85%DB%8C-%DA%AF%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AF-%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87-%D8%AD%D9%84%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%B9-%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B7-%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">urgent bill<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, dubbed the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sharghdaily.com\/%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B4-%D9%81%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C-298\/937893-%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%AC-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3-%D8%A8%D8%B1-%D8%B3%D8%B1-%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%AD-%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C-%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%B9-%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF-%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A6%D9%88\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\"Unfiltering Bill<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\" in Iran\u2019s official media, and openly criticized the Parliamentary Presidium for their arbitrary handling of the matter. Investigations by Filterwatch reveal that this bill aims to expand the decision-making power of the Supreme National Security Council regarding internet filtering.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In fact, contrary to the recommendations and findings of the Parliamentary Research Center, which pointed to the existence of multiple bodies and mechanisms in filtering as a source of confusion, the urgent bill from the representative of Bukan proposed adding yet another body to the decision-making group on filtering.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The representative from Bukan\u2019s proposal essentially mirrors the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/filter.watch\/2023\/02\/22\/the-state-of-irans-internet-connectivity-in-2022-the-year-the-gloves-came-off\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">policy pattern<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of temporary and regional internet shutdowns applied to filtering, which had previously been executed at the order of the Supreme National Security Council during protests.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Given these considerations, our current concern should be the proposal of a bill that seeks to expand the authority of the Supreme National Security Council.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This report identifies the primary challenges ahead as those related to domestic messaging apps and social media, highlighting weaknesses such as \"traffic limitations, low reliability, limited capabilities, restrictions on user-friendliness and customization (generally technical aspects), network limitations, and the inability to connect with global users.\"<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4936\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment_4936\" style=\"width: 603px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/filter.watch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/2.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-4936 \" src=\"https:\/\/filter.watch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/2-1024x576.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"603\" height=\"339\" srcset=\"https:\/\/filter.watch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/2-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/filter.watch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/2-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/filter.watch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/2-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/filter.watch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/2-1536x864.png 1536w, https:\/\/filter.watch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/2-2048x1152.png 2048w, https:\/\/filter.watch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/2-1568x882.png 1568w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 603px) 100vw, 603px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment_4936\" class=\"wp-caption-text\" data-caption=\"%22A%20chart%20from%20the%20report%20by%20the%20Parliamentary%20Research%20Center%20showing%20that%20filtered%20messengers%20and%20social%20networks%20still%20have%20the%20most%20users.%22\">Loading...<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Although the Parliamentary Research Center's report gave a positive assessment of Iran's position in the internet speed index, it failed to address a critical issue: the violation of network neutrality and the segregation of traffic into domestic and international categories, resulting in users experiencing different speeds and costs for network access. Access to domestic content is faster and cheaper than access to international content.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><b>Government<\/b><b><br \/>\n<\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The administration of Ebrahim Raisissued a resolution mandating the Ministry of Communications, in collaboration with the Filtering Committee, to implement <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/filter.watch\/2023\/09\/15\/august-policy-monitor-2023\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">tiered internet<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> access in Pardis Park (a technology center) by the end of this year. This directive was issued amidst ongoing efforts in Parliament to <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/filterbaan\/status\/1816469470216331285\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">expand the authority of the Supreme National Security Council<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in the area of filtering.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4935\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment_4935\" style=\"width: 601px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/filter.watch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/1.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-4935 \" src=\"https:\/\/filter.watch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/1-1024x576.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"601\" height=\"338\" srcset=\"https:\/\/filter.watch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/1-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/filter.watch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/1-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/filter.watch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/1-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/filter.watch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/1-1536x864.png 1536w, https:\/\/filter.watch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/1-2048x1152.png 2048w, https:\/\/filter.watch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/1-1568x882.png 1568w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 601px) 100vw, 601px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment_4935\" class=\"wp-caption-text\" data-caption=\"The%20letter%20from%20the%20Cabinet%20to%20the%20Ministry%20of%20Communications%20regarding%20the%20implementation%20of%20tiered%20internet%20access\">Loading...<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The network disruption in the two days leading up to the election was so severe that it effectively made it impossible to use the network. In July this year, one day after the election, the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/ioda.inetintel.cc.gatech.edu\/country\/IR?from=1719833665&amp;until=1721907265\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IODA<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/radar.arvancloud.ir\/?date=1403-04-16&amp;time=12:00\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ArvanCloud Radar<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> charts, which display the status of data centers, showed that \\internet and data centers were disrupted.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Regarding infrastructure, the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.khabaronline.ir\/live\/1935599\/%D9%88%D8%B6%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D8%B6%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%B4%D8%AF-%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1-%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%B9%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%82-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86-%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">electricity production crisis<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and outages, which have become a recurring issue during the hot summer months, not only led to power cuts in production and industrial facilities but also caused major data centers in Iran to lose power, plunging the internet into a critical state.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The energy imbalance crisis reached a level in which, over the past three months, major data centers faced power outages, leading to significant network access disruptions.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Filterwatch, in conversations with various sources, obtained documents indicating that following the severe voltage drops and multiple power outages, data centers were instructed to supply their electricity via generators for at least two hours daily.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><b>Curtailing VPNs<\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Applying blanket filtering on specific IP address ranges of major cloud companies was generally a method to counter VPNs. For instance, most IP address ranges of Digital Ocean are immediately filtered if VPN traffic is detected by Iran\u2019s filtering systems known as <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Deep_packet_inspection\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">DPI<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Deep Packet Inspection).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Filterwatch's investigations indicate that this situation has also extended to European companies. In recent months, many IP address ranges from the French company OVH have experienced severe disruptions on port 22, used for remote server access.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Disrupting port 22 usually aims to obstruct <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/HTTP_tunnel\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">HTTP tunneling<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. This method is used to establish connections between two computers, which in Iran is used as a means to circumvent censorship, especially during internet outages.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Additionally, according to a statement by the Neshan navigation app, it appears that one reason for filtering this service by the Telecommunication Infrastructure Company was that this router did not create barriers for users using VPNs; although, this routing application was unfiltered after some time.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At the end of this navigation application's <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/Digiato\/status\/1810733777473393052\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">statement<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, it states: \"Neshan will never impose restrictions on users who use VPNs.\"<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Among the Islamic Republic's policies to reduce citizens' use of VPNs is to pressure domestic companies, forcing them to impose restrictions on users who access services with non-Iranian IP addresses, compelling them to turn off their VPNs.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><b>Civil Society<\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In recent weeks, civil society's efforts to expose \"dark censorship\" policies have faced increased obstacles and security crackdowns. The Electronic Commerce Association, which had previously published two comprehensive reports on censorship, delayed the release of its <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/etchamber.ir\/third-report\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">third report<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> due to pressure from security officials and published it only after the first round of elections.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pouya Pirhosseinloo, Chairman of the Internet and Infrastructure Commission of the Electronic Commerce Association, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/Digiato\/status\/1815731526824239447\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">said<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> at the \"Priorities and Issues of the Ministry of Communications\" meeting on July 24, 2024, about this report: \"The next minister and government must confront sanctions, filtering, and the monopoly of the Telecommunication Infrastructure Company.\"<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The issues of sanctions, filtering, and the monopoly of the Telecommunication Infrastructure Company are three major findings and requests of the third report of the Electronic Commerce Association.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pirhosseinloo added about the next government: \"Eventually, elections will be held again, and the same people will want to take an anti-restriction and freedom-seeking stance, and at that point, they must be held accountable. Someone must have the courage to say that filtering does not work. No one at a high level dares to express this issue.\"<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>As we slowly move past the aftermath of the fourteenth presidential election,despite the absence of significant progress in policy-making, there have been numerous changes in the area of network and internet access. Key Findings: Policy-Making: Policy-making institutions, like the Parliament, are acting contrary to the recommendations provided by their own research center. Civil society's efforts<a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/filter.watch\/english\/2024\/08\/21\/network-and-policy-monitoring-july-2024-the-crisis-of-power-production-led-to-internet-disruptions\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">\"Power Crisis Contributes to Widespread Internet Disruptions\"<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":4938,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[198,201,199,200,84,88,197],"class_list":["post-4933","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-network-monitor","tag-censorship","tag-electricity-supply-crisis","tag-internet-access","tag-internet-disruption","tag-network","tag-parliament","tag-presidential-election","entry"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO Pro 4.9.8 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"As we slowly move past the aftermath of the fourteenth presidential election,despite the absence of significant progress in policy-making, there have been numerous changes in the area of network and internet access. 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