{"id":1928,"date":"2018-12-19T05:28:45","date_gmt":"2018-12-19T05:28:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/filter.watch\/en\/?p=1928"},"modified":"2021-05-28T15:13:56","modified_gmt":"2021-05-28T15:13:56","slug":"despite-slow-growth-irans-domestic-messaging-apps-remain-a-threat-to-digital-rights-in-iran","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/filter.watch\/english\/2018\/12\/19\/despite-slow-growth-irans-domestic-messaging-apps-remain-a-threat-to-digital-rights-in-iran\/","title":{"rendered":"Despite Slow Growth, Iran\u2019s Domestic Messaging Apps Remain A Threat to Digital Rights In Iran"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"n p\">\n<div class=\"z ab ac ae af dd ah ai\">\n<p id=\"c0aa\" class=\"hn ho dg ay hp b ea hq ec hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy cy\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">In February 2018, shortly after the implementation of a temporary ban on Telegram, Small Media\u00a0<a class=\"fj er hz ia ib ic\" href=\"https:\/\/smallmedia.org.uk\/news\/filterwatch-january-2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow noreferrer\">published a report<\/a>\u00a0profiling some of the messaging apps looking to take its place as Iran\u2019s most widely used messaging app. Over the last year, each of these pretenders has received substantial support from the Iranian state apparatus, including repeated publicity, supportive policy development, and material resources.<\/p>\n<p id=\"4fa3\" class=\"hn ho dg ay hp b ea hq ec hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy cy\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">So since last year, have any of these homegrown messaging apps been able to topple Telegram from its post? And what are Iranian officials\u2019 aspirations for the future of these apps?<\/p>\n<p id=\"30a9\" class=\"hn ho dg ay hp b ea hq ec hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy cy\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Over the last ten months the government has steadily intensified its support for domestic messaging apps. Yet in the face of slow user growth, an increasing number of officials and\u00a0<a class=\"fj er hz ia ib ic\" href=\"https:\/\/donya-e-eqtesad.com\/%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B4-%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA-%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86-62\/3428993-%D8%B4%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%AA-%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow noreferrer\">commentators<\/a>\u00a0have come to deem the initiative a failure.<\/p>\n<p id=\"bf96\" class=\"hn ho dg ay hp b ea hq ec hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy cy\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">This perception of the Iranian government\u2019s failure stems from the misunderstanding that Iran is seeking to completely replace foreign messaging apps with domestic ones. While this may be a long-term ambition, Iran\u2019s immediate objective is to popularise the use of domestic messaging apps nationwide. This was not an ad-hoc response to the filtering of Telegram, but a policy that was carefully designed and agreed on months before the December 2017 protests which lead to an eventual ban of Telegram.<\/p>\n<p id=\"93cc\" class=\"hn ho dg ay hp b ea hq ec hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy cy\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">In this issue of Filterwatch, we\u2019ll outline the key developments over the last ten months, and argue that the ICT Ministry\u2019s policy of promoting domestic messaging apps continues to pose a significant long-term threat to digital rights in Iran.<\/p>\n<p id=\"1b0c\" class=\"hn ho dg ay hp b ea hq ec hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy cy\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">We argue that to call domestic messaging apps a failure is to ignore some troubling developments over the course of the last ten months, including the extent of user data collected by domestic messaging apps, or the ongoing plans to promote and integrate domestic messaging apps into Iran\u2019s ongoing expansion of eGovernment and digital infrastructure development.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"gu ai\">\n<figure class=\"gv gw gx gy gz gu ai paragraph-image\">\n<div class=\"id ie hg if ai\">\n<div class=\"hf r hg hh\">\n<div class=\"ig r\">\n<div class=\"ha hb s t u hc ai by hd he\"><\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"ns sk s t u hc ai hm\" role=\"presentation\" src=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/max\/5000\/1*g-wNX2Sr5UbTjCVIS_9Qkg.png\" sizes=\"100vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/max\/552\/1*g-wNX2Sr5UbTjCVIS_9Qkg.png 276w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/max\/1104\/1*g-wNX2Sr5UbTjCVIS_9Qkg.png 552w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/max\/1280\/1*g-wNX2Sr5UbTjCVIS_9Qkg.png 640w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/max\/1456\/1*g-wNX2Sr5UbTjCVIS_9Qkg.png 728w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/max\/1632\/1*g-wNX2Sr5UbTjCVIS_9Qkg.png 816w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/max\/1808\/1*g-wNX2Sr5UbTjCVIS_9Qkg.png 904w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/max\/1984\/1*g-wNX2Sr5UbTjCVIS_9Qkg.png 992w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/max\/2160\/1*g-wNX2Sr5UbTjCVIS_9Qkg.png 1080w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/max\/2700\/1*g-wNX2Sr5UbTjCVIS_9Qkg.png 1350w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/max\/3240\/1*g-wNX2Sr5UbTjCVIS_9Qkg.png 1620w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/max\/3780\/1*g-wNX2Sr5UbTjCVIS_9Qkg.png 1890w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/max\/4320\/1*g-wNX2Sr5UbTjCVIS_9Qkg.png 2160w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/max\/4800\/1*g-wNX2Sr5UbTjCVIS_9Qkg.png 2400w\" width=\"2500\" height=\"110\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"n p\">\n<div class=\"z ab ac ae af dd ah ai\">\n<h1 id=\"f6b6\" class=\"ih ii dg ay ax ij di ik dk il im in io ip iq ir is\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">The History of Iran\u2019s Domestic Messenger Services<\/h1>\n<ul class=\"\">\n<li id=\"689e\" class=\"hn ho dg ay hp b ea it ec iu hs iv hu iw hw ix hy iy iz ja\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"hp jb\">May 2017 \u2014 SCC Announces Domestic Messenger Ambitions<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p id=\"beaf\" class=\"hn ho dg ay hp b ea hq ec hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy cy\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Several months before the anti-government protests of December 2017, the Supreme Council of Cyberspace (SCC) published\u00a0<a class=\"fj er hz ia ib ic\" href=\"https:\/\/www.article19.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Tightening-the-Net_3-English-version-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow noreferrer\">a document<\/a>\u00a0titled \u201cPolicies and Actions Regarding the Organisation of Social Media Messaging Applications\u201d. The publication of this document was a significant indicator for the future development of Iran\u2019s domestic messaging apps. For the first time, an official document ratified by Iran\u2019s most prominent ICT policy-making body outlined an explicit commitment to promote domestic messaging apps, and to support them to supplant international apps such as Telegram.<\/p>\n<p id=\"96ed\" class=\"hn ho dg ay hp b ea hq ec hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy cy\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">While the document outlined specific tasks for governmental bodies such as the IRIB and the judiciary, it made it clear that the ICT Ministry would play the leading role in supporting the development of domestic messaging apps.<\/p>\n<ul class=\"\">\n<li id=\"9f77\" class=\"hn ho dg ay hp b ea hq ec hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy iy iz ja\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"hp jb\">December 2017\u00a0<\/strong>\u2014\u00a0<strong class=\"hp jb\">Anti-Government Protests Accelerate Anti-Telegram Policies<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p id=\"07cf\" class=\"hn ho dg ay hp b ea hq ec hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy cy\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">In the wake of the<strong class=\"hp jb\">\u00a0<\/strong>December 2017 and January 2018 protests \u2014 which led to the judiciary\u2019s filtering of Telegram \u2014 technical and financial support for domestic messaging apps was rapidly intensified among a variety of state institutions.<\/p>\n<ul class=\"\">\n<li id=\"0f2a\" class=\"hn ho dg ay hp b ea hq ec hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy iy iz ja\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"hp jb\">April 2018 \u2014 Domestic Messaging Apps Receive Government Loans<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p id=\"43f0\" class=\"hn ho dg ay hp b ea hq ec hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy cy\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">On\u00a0<a class=\"fj er hz ia ib ic\" href=\"http:\/\/www.irna.ir\/fa\/News\/82902021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow noreferrer\">30 April 2018<\/a>, ICT Minister Deputy Rasool Soraya confirmed that in line with the policies set by the SCC, three Iranian domestic messaging apps were each granted 50 billion IRR in ICT Ministry-granted loans.<\/p>\n<ul class=\"\">\n<li id=\"2990\" class=\"hn ho dg ay hp b ea hq ec hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy iy iz ja\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"hp jb\">May 2018\u00a0<\/strong>\u2014\u00a0<strong class=\"hp jb\">Privacy Concerns and Controversies Lead To Slow Growth<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p id=\"2ad2\" class=\"hn ho dg ay hp b ea hq ec hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy cy\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Despite the influx of resources, growth remained sluggish. Around this time, domestic messaging apps started publicly admitting that they faced two sets of challenges in attracting users.<\/p>\n<p id=\"3b3c\" class=\"hn ho dg ay hp b ea hq ec hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy cy\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Firstly, they argued that Iran lacked the ICT infrastructure to support the volume of usage of a platform like Telegram. On\u00a0<a class=\"fj er hz ia ib ic\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fardanews.com\/fa\/news\/813403\/%D8%B4%DA%A9%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA-%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AD%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%A7-%D9%88-%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%DA%A9%D9%85-%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D8%A2%D8%B0%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%85%DB%8C\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow noreferrer\">14 May,<\/a>\u00a0Seyyed Meysam Salehi, the CEO of the messaging app\u00a0<a class=\"fj er hz ia ib ic\" href=\"https:\/\/soroush-app.ir\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow noreferrer\">Soroush<\/a>\u00a0said that the biggest challenge facing domestic messaging apps was the allocation of internet bandwidth. At the same time, he listed a number of infrastructure-related issues including the allocation of content delivery networks (CDNs), limited cloud storage, and a lack of other critical digital infrastructure.<\/p>\n<p id=\"7176\" class=\"hn ho dg ay hp b ea hq ec hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy cy\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Secondly,\u00a0<a class=\"fj er hz ia ib ic\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saramad.ir\/fa\/news\/63636\/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%AA-%D8%AD%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%85-%D8%AE%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B5%DB%8C-%D9%88-%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow noreferrer\">apps were quick to admit\u00a0<\/a>that the general public continue to lack trust in domestic messaging apps, and that there remained concerns over privacy and censorship.<\/p>\n<p id=\"4878\" class=\"hn ho dg ay hp b ea hq ec hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy cy\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Public concern about apps\u2019 respect for user\u2019s data peaked in May 2018, when a number of Iranian social media users\u00a0<a class=\"fj er hz ia ib ic\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/persian\/iran-44280722\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow noreferrer\">objected<\/a>\u00a0to\u00a0<a class=\"fj er hz ia ib ic\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iranhumanrights.org\/2018\/06\/iranians-complain-of-fake-accounts-created-in-their-names-on-state-approved-soroush-app\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow noreferrer\">Soroush profiles being set up<\/a>\u00a0for them without their consent. Users claimed that family and friends were able to find their profile listed with their name and phone number as soon as they downloaded the app on their devices. Soroush denied that they had automatically created profiles for Iranian users. Despite the public outrage there has so far been no official investigation into this controversy.<\/p>\n<ul class=\"\">\n<li id=\"7838\" class=\"hn ho dg ay hp b ea hq ec hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy iy iz ja\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"hp jb\">July 2018 \u2014 Government Addresses Privacy Concerns<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p id=\"310b\" class=\"hn ho dg ay hp b ea hq ec hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy cy\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">In light of growing public concerns over privacy and data protections for users of domestic messaging apps, ICT Minister Mohammad-Javad Azari Jahromi acknowledged that more work needed to be done to make users feel secure. Even Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei felt the need to address these concerns in April 2018 ,\u00a0<a class=\"fj er hz ia ib ic\" href=\"https:\/\/www.newsweek.com\/will-facebook-survive-iran-declares-fatwa-against-social-media-privacy-883758\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow noreferrer\">demanding in a speech that the privacy of internet users be respected<\/a>. In an attempt to support the project of domestic messaging apps, Jahromi\u2019s ICT Ministry brought forward the \u2018User Data Protection Bill\u2019 on\u00a0<a class=\"fj er hz ia ib ic\" href=\"https:\/\/www.isna.ir\/news\/97050603201\/%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AD%D9%87-%D8%B5%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87-%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%B4%D8%AE%D8%B5%DB%8C-%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C-%D8%B4%D8%AF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow noreferrer\">28 July 2018<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p id=\"c114\" class=\"hn ho dg ay hp b ea hq ec hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy cy\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">According to Jahromi, the bill was to be discussed in Iranian cabinet the following day, and was scheduled to be sent to the Parliament for approval. However, to this day the bill has still not been sent to Parliament \u2014 potentially failing to gain the support of Rouhani\u2019s cabinet.<\/p>\n<p id=\"cd0c\" class=\"hn ho dg ay hp b ea hq ec hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy cy\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">The fact that this flagship data protection bill has gone MIA suggests that either Jahromi\u2019s ICT Ministry was being disingenuous in pledging its commitment to online privacy, or that it is unable to secure a consensus in government.<\/p>\n<ul class=\"\">\n<li id=\"7cd0\" class=\"hn ho dg ay hp b ea hq ec hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy iy iz ja\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"hp jb\">November 2018 \u2014 With Domestic App User Growth Still Low, Some Conservatives Return to Telegram<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p id=\"5cf2\" class=\"hn ho dg ay hp b ea hq ec hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy cy\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">The wholesale migration of the official channels of conservative-aligned news agencies, state bodies, and the Supreme Leader from Telegram to domestic messaging app in early 2018 was an important symbolic marker of the state\u2019s desire to squeeze Telegram out of the market altogether.<\/p>\n<p id=\"1e95\" class=\"hn ho dg ay hp b ea hq ec hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy cy\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">However, the continued lack of users on domestic messaging apps, and these pages\u2019 comparatively limited reach resulted in a number of conservative news agencies quietly returning to Telegram in\u00a0<a class=\"fj er hz ia ib ic\" href=\"https:\/\/fa.euronews.com\/2018\/11\/10\/iran-fars-news-agency-come-back-to-telegram-end-of-telegram-messenger-filtering\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow noreferrer\">November 2018<\/a>. To many, this reversal neatly symbolised the failure of the government\u2019s perceived aspiration to make domestic messaging apps leaders in Iran\u2019s online media ecology.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"gu\">\n<div class=\"n p\">\n<div class=\"jc jd je jf jg jh ae ji af jj ah ai\">\n<figure class=\"gv gw gx gy gz gu jl jm paragraph-image\">\n<div class=\"id ie hg if ai\">\n<div class=\"cp cq jk\">\n<div class=\"hf r hg hh\">\n<div class=\"ig r\">\n<div class=\"ha hb s t u hc ai by hd he\"><\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"ns sk s t u hc ai hm\" role=\"presentation\" src=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/max\/5000\/1*g-wNX2Sr5UbTjCVIS_9Qkg.png\" sizes=\"1000px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/max\/552\/1*g-wNX2Sr5UbTjCVIS_9Qkg.png 276w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/max\/1104\/1*g-wNX2Sr5UbTjCVIS_9Qkg.png 552w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/max\/1280\/1*g-wNX2Sr5UbTjCVIS_9Qkg.png 640w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/max\/1456\/1*g-wNX2Sr5UbTjCVIS_9Qkg.png 728w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/max\/1632\/1*g-wNX2Sr5UbTjCVIS_9Qkg.png 816w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/max\/1808\/1*g-wNX2Sr5UbTjCVIS_9Qkg.png 904w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/max\/1984\/1*g-wNX2Sr5UbTjCVIS_9Qkg.png 992w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/max\/2000\/1*g-wNX2Sr5UbTjCVIS_9Qkg.png 1000w\" width=\"2500\" height=\"110\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"n p\">\n<div class=\"z ab ac ae af dd ah ai\">\n<h1 id=\"e46f\" class=\"ih ii dg ay ax ij di ik dk il im in io ip iq ir is\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">#fail? \u2014 Accusations of \u2018Failure\u2019 and the Blame Game<\/h1>\n<p id=\"451a\" class=\"hn ho dg ay hp b ea it ec iu hs iv hu iw hw ix hy cy\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Despite the filtering of Telegram in early 2018, domestic messaging apps have so far failed to gain an active user base anywhere near the size that Telegram enjoyed in Iran. On<a class=\"fj er hz ia ib ic\" href=\"https:\/\/www.isna.ir\/news\/97101407316\/%DB%B1%DB%B5-%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%AB%D8%A8%D8%AA-%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C-%D9%81%D8%B6%D8%A7-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C-%DB%B1%DB%B0-%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow noreferrer\">\u00a04 January<\/a>\u00a0Deputy ICT Minister Hamid Fathi claimed that there are currently 15 million users registered on domestic messaging apps. However, based on the publicly available figures, it is difficult to substantiate this claim. For instance, Soroush currently claims to have 10 million registered users, and 5 million active users. However, according to Cafe Bazaar it has only around\u00a0<a class=\"fj er hz ia ib ic\" href=\"https:\/\/cafebazaar.ir\/app\/mobi.mmdt.ott\/?l=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow noreferrer\">2 million<\/a>\u00a0active installs at present.<\/p>\n<p id=\"2e79\" class=\"hn ho dg ay hp b ea hq ec hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy cy\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">For many commentators, the limited number of active users represents an unambiguous failure of the government\u2019s policies promoting domestic messaging apps.<\/p>\n<p id=\"980a\" class=\"hn ho dg ay hp b ea hq ec hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy cy\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Naturally, many of those who were hoping to see rapid growth in the sector were leading voices in criticising the government for its perceived failure. Over the last ten months, domestic messaging app developers and entrepreneurs have repeatedly complained about a lack of support being offered by state-affiliated organizations. According to media reports, in a\u00a0<a class=\"fj er hz ia ib ic\" href=\"https:\/\/www.yjc.ir\/fa\/news\/6737515\/%DA%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%87-%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85%E2%80%8C%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%85-%D8%AA%D8%A3%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1-%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C-%D9%88-%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%85%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%87-%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C-%D9%81%D8%B6%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow noreferrer\">November 2018<\/a>\u00a0meeting between directors of domestic messaging app companies and the ICT Ministry, several company directors complained about a lack of adequate technological support.<\/p>\n<p id=\"7ba6\" class=\"hn ho dg ay hp b ea hq ec hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy cy\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Also in\u00a0<a class=\"fj er hz ia ib ic\" href=\"http:\/\/www.iribnews.ir\/fa\/news\/2290811\/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B2%D8%AE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow noreferrer\">November 2018<\/a>, an IRIB news programme known for its close links with conservatives repeatedly criticized the ICT Ministry for not being sufficiently committed to supporting domestic messaging apps.<\/p>\n<p id=\"228e\" class=\"hn ho dg ay hp b ea hq ec hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy cy\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Responding to the programme, a senior ICT Ministry official took to social media to deny IRIB\u2019s claims. Deputy ICT Minister Hamid Fatahi\u00a0<a class=\"fj er hz ia ib ic\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/fatahi_ir\/status\/1067865110419566592\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow noreferrer\">published an infographic<\/a>\u00a0explaining the ICT Ministry\u2019s analysis of the progress made by government ministries and state organisations in providing support to domestic messaging apps, as outlined in a document entitled \u201cSupporting Domestic Messaging Apps\u201d which was passed by the SCC on 1 August 2016.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"gu\">\n<div class=\"n p\">\n<div class=\"jc jd je jf jg jh ae ji af jj ah ai\">\n<figure class=\"gv gw gx gy gz gu jl jm paragraph-image\">\n<div class=\"id ie hg if ai\">\n<div class=\"cp cq ag\">\n<div class=\"hf r hg hh\">\n<div class=\"jn r\">\n<div class=\"ha hb s t u hc ai by hd he\"><\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"ns sk s t u hc ai hm\" role=\"presentation\" src=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/max\/2316\/0*Xf7FDg9gRYzCiyP-\" sizes=\"1000px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/max\/552\/0*Xf7FDg9gRYzCiyP- 276w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/max\/1104\/0*Xf7FDg9gRYzCiyP- 552w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/max\/1280\/0*Xf7FDg9gRYzCiyP- 640w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/max\/1456\/0*Xf7FDg9gRYzCiyP- 728w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/max\/1632\/0*Xf7FDg9gRYzCiyP- 816w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/max\/1808\/0*Xf7FDg9gRYzCiyP- 904w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/max\/1984\/0*Xf7FDg9gRYzCiyP- 992w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/max\/2000\/0*Xf7FDg9gRYzCiyP- 1000w\" width=\"1158\" height=\"818\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"bc fd jo jp jq cr cp cq jr js ax dz\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><em class=\"jt\">The infographic posted by Deputy ICT Minister Hamid Fatahi, describing progress on the delivery of support to domestic messaging apps (English translation available below).<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"n p\">\n<div class=\"z ab ac ae af dd ah ai\">\n<p id=\"3453\" class=\"hn ho dg ay hp b ea hq ec hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy cy\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Although the \u201cSupporting Domestic Messaging Apps\u201d document was discussed by the SCC months before the May 2017 \u201cPolicies and Actions Regarding the Organisation of Social Media Messaging Applications\u201d document, this was the first time that so many details of the responsibilities outlined in that document were made public.<\/p>\n<p id=\"eea2\" class=\"hn ho dg ay hp b ea hq ec hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy cy\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">What the August 2016 document makes clear is that the long-term plan for promoting domestic messaging apps in Iran was not a knee-jerk reaction to the December 2017 \u2014 January 2018 protests, but has rather been a core objective of the Rouhani administration\u2019s long-term strategy for ICT development since at least August 2016.<\/p>\n<p id=\"3c85\" class=\"hn ho dg ay hp b ea hq ec hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy cy\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Therefore the project\u2019s success or failure must be considered in light of more than just the number of users gained by the apps over the last 10 months, as not all the infrastructural support envisioned for the apps has yet been delivered.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"gu ai\">\n<figure class=\"gv gw gx gy gz gu ai paragraph-image\">\n<div class=\"hf r hg hh\">\n<div class=\"ju r\">\n<div class=\"ha hb s t u hc ai by hd he\"><\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"ns sk s t u hc ai hm\" role=\"presentation\" src=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/max\/3130\/0*Q1D2pHijoqc438H3\" sizes=\"1565px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/max\/552\/0*Q1D2pHijoqc438H3 276w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/max\/1104\/0*Q1D2pHijoqc438H3 552w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/max\/1280\/0*Q1D2pHijoqc438H3 640w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/max\/1456\/0*Q1D2pHijoqc438H3 728w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/max\/1632\/0*Q1D2pHijoqc438H3 816w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/max\/1808\/0*Q1D2pHijoqc438H3 904w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/max\/1984\/0*Q1D2pHijoqc438H3 992w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/max\/2160\/0*Q1D2pHijoqc438H3 1080w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/max\/2700\/0*Q1D2pHijoqc438H3 1350w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/max\/3130\/0*Q1D2pHijoqc438H3 1565w\" width=\"1565\" height=\"1463\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"n p\">\n<div class=\"z ab ac ae af dd ah ai\">\n<p id=\"fa9a\" class=\"hn ho dg ay hp b ea hq ec hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy cy\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Also, what is becoming evident after reading the commitments outlined in Fatahi\u2019s tweet is that Iran has a long-term aspiration to integrate a number of services into domestic messaging apps in order to popularise them further \u2014 services such as financial transactions, that could not otherwise be accessed via international apps under the existing sanctions regime.<\/p>\n<p id=\"fbdf\" class=\"hn ho dg ay hp b ea hq ec hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy cy\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Until the action plan outlined by Fatahi has been rolled out in full, we should remain vigilant about the uptake of domestic messaging apps and their long-term implications for user privacy in Iran. After all, Iran\u2019s National Information Network (SHOMA) remained an underfunded and poorly understood government project for many years after its announcement in 2005. Now, the infrastructure project is recognised as a key pillar of Iran\u2019s information control strategy.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"gu\">\n<div class=\"n p\">\n<div class=\"jc jd je jf jg jh ae ji af jj ah ai\">\n<figure class=\"gv gw gx gy gz gu jl jm paragraph-image\">\n<div class=\"id ie hg if ai\">\n<div class=\"cp cq jk\">\n<div class=\"hf r hg hh\">\n<div class=\"ig r\">\n<div class=\"ha hb s t u hc ai by hd he\"><\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"ns sk s t u hc ai hm\" role=\"presentation\" src=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/max\/5000\/1*g-wNX2Sr5UbTjCVIS_9Qkg.png\" sizes=\"1000px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/max\/552\/1*g-wNX2Sr5UbTjCVIS_9Qkg.png 276w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/max\/1104\/1*g-wNX2Sr5UbTjCVIS_9Qkg.png 552w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/max\/1280\/1*g-wNX2Sr5UbTjCVIS_9Qkg.png 640w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/max\/1456\/1*g-wNX2Sr5UbTjCVIS_9Qkg.png 728w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/max\/1632\/1*g-wNX2Sr5UbTjCVIS_9Qkg.png 816w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/max\/1808\/1*g-wNX2Sr5UbTjCVIS_9Qkg.png 904w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/max\/1984\/1*g-wNX2Sr5UbTjCVIS_9Qkg.png 992w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/max\/2000\/1*g-wNX2Sr5UbTjCVIS_9Qkg.png 1000w\" width=\"2500\" height=\"110\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"n p\">\n<div class=\"z ab ac ae af dd ah ai\">\n<h1 id=\"7a5f\" class=\"ih ii dg ay ax ij di ik dk il im in io ip iq ir is\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Puny Protections \u2014 No Sign of Data Protection Reforms on the Horizon<\/h1>\n<p id=\"dd39\" class=\"hn ho dg ay hp b ea it ec iu hs iv hu iw hw ix hy cy\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Just because these government-backed messaging apps are off to a slow start is not to say that they will not take on more significance as time rolls on, as additional infrastructure is deployed to support them. As such, we\u2019d argue that it\u2019s important to apply serious scrutiny to the troubling data practices of these companies over the past ten months.<\/p>\n<p id=\"189b\" class=\"hn ho dg ay hp b ea hq ec hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy cy\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">In this sense, the last few months have proven the need for strong legal protections to be offered to Iranian users. Whereas many of the most urgent digital rights concerns in Iran are rooted in punitive bills such as the\u00a0<a class=\"fj er hz ia ib ic\" href=\"https:\/\/www.article19.org\/data\/files\/medialibrary\/2921\/12-01-30-FINAL-iran-WEB%5B4%5D.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow noreferrer\">2010 Computer Crimes Law<\/a>, we would argue that the lack of meaningful user data protections could offer similar risks to users in the long term.<\/p>\n<p id=\"9d50\" class=\"hn ho dg ay hp b ea hq ec hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy cy\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Even the draft \u2018User Data Protection Bill\u2019 published by Jahromi failed to address the intrusive and aggressive tendencies of the 2010 Computer Crimes Law. Meaningful data protection frameworks cannot be introduced without addressing the challenges posed by the 2010 Computer Crimes Law head-on.<\/p>\n<p id=\"d217\" class=\"hn ho dg ay hp b ea hq ec hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy cy\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">In the absence of a legal framework, there also appear to be no political consequences for unethical practices such as forced profile creation on the part of apps like Soroush. The Soroush user data scandal was dismissed without any meaningful inquiries \u2014 whether rooted in malice, disrespect for users\u2019 privacy, or sheer incompetence, this astonishing lack of accountability is a deeply worrying signpost for the future of data protections in Iran.<\/p>\n<p id=\"c358\" class=\"hn ho dg ay hp b ea hq ec hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy cy\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">If and when the stalled Data Protection Bill moves through the cabinet and Parliament, this issue of tech companies\u2019 accountability must be raised over and over with Iran\u2019s ICT Ministry. Proper data protections are essential to ensure the long-term privacy and security of the data of millions of users of domestic messaging apps \u2014 data which is currently stored on private servers partially funded by ICT Ministry-backed loans.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"gu\">\n<div class=\"n p\">\n<div class=\"jc jd je jf jg jh ae ji af jj ah ai\">\n<figure class=\"gv gw gx gy gz gu jl jm paragraph-image\">\n<div class=\"id ie hg if ai\">\n<div class=\"cp cq jk\">\n<div class=\"hf r hg hh\">\n<div class=\"ig r\">\n<div class=\"ha hb s t u hc ai by hd he\"><\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"ns sk s t u hc ai hm\" role=\"presentation\" src=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/max\/5000\/1*g-wNX2Sr5UbTjCVIS_9Qkg.png\" sizes=\"1000px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/max\/552\/1*g-wNX2Sr5UbTjCVIS_9Qkg.png 276w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/max\/1104\/1*g-wNX2Sr5UbTjCVIS_9Qkg.png 552w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/max\/1280\/1*g-wNX2Sr5UbTjCVIS_9Qkg.png 640w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/max\/1456\/1*g-wNX2Sr5UbTjCVIS_9Qkg.png 728w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/max\/1632\/1*g-wNX2Sr5UbTjCVIS_9Qkg.png 816w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/max\/1808\/1*g-wNX2Sr5UbTjCVIS_9Qkg.png 904w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/max\/1984\/1*g-wNX2Sr5UbTjCVIS_9Qkg.png 992w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/max\/2000\/1*g-wNX2Sr5UbTjCVIS_9Qkg.png 1000w\" width=\"2500\" height=\"110\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"n p\">\n<div class=\"z ab ac ae af dd ah ai\">\n<h1 id=\"6534\" class=\"ih ii dg ay ax ij di ik dk il im in io ip iq ir is\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Big Money \u2014 Incentives Rolled Out for Domestic Messaging Apps Users<\/h1>\n<p id=\"e41d\" class=\"hn ho dg ay hp b ea it ec iu hs iv hu iw hw ix hy cy\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">On the basis of SCC guidelines published in August 2017,\u00a0<a class=\"fj er hz ia ib ic\" href=\"https:\/\/smallmedia.org.uk\/news\/filterwatch-august-2017\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow noreferrer\">we speculated<\/a>\u00a0that Iranian officials would begin to incentify Iranians to use domestic messaging apps by offering them exclusive access to services such as banking. While Fatahi\u2019s document suggests that such incentives will comprise a method of drawing users to domestic messaging apps, the revelations and events of the recent months appear to be even more worrying than first considered.<\/p>\n<p id=\"4c60\" class=\"hn ho dg ay hp b ea hq ec hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy cy\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Currently, there has been no discussion on how Iran is seeking to use domestic messaging apps to provide government services. However, in October, it was announced that Iranians going on their Arbaeen pilgrimage would need to use the Bale messaging app to order government-supplied Iraqi currency.<\/p>\n<p id=\"67b6\" class=\"hn ho dg ay hp b ea hq ec hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy cy\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Users could submit their personal documentation to the Bale bot @dinarpaybot, and receive a certificate in-app that could be presented in order to receive payment. This service was only available through Bale, painting a worrying image of how Iran may seek to use government services to force Iranian citizens to download domestic messaging apps.<\/p>\n<p id=\"a8eb\" class=\"hn ho dg ay hp b ea hq ec hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy cy\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Bale is one of the first domestic messaging apps in Iran seeking to provide financial and governmental services. The app is a product of the\u00a0<a class=\"fj er hz ia ib ic\" href=\"https:\/\/sadad.co.ir\/en\/\/aboutus\/ShareHolders\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow noreferrer\">SADAD Informatics Corp<\/a>, which is 72% owned by the state-owned retail bank Bank Melli, 24% by the Informatics Services Company, 4% by the Investment Company of Iran\u2019s National Development Group. The Bank Melli Iran Printing &amp; Publishing Company and the Ayanadeh Pouya Plan &amp; Development Company each own just one share.<\/p>\n<p id=\"81a8\" class=\"hn ho dg ay hp b ea hq ec hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy cy\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Bank Melli\u00a0<a class=\"fj er hz ia ib ic\" href=\"https:\/\/bmi.ir\/fa\/news\/13752\/%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF-%D8%AC%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AF-%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%B4%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9-%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84-95--%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%B4%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9-%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D8%B2-50-%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86-%DA%AF%D8%B0%D8%B4%D8%AA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow noreferrer\">claims<\/a>\u00a0to process the largest number of daily online transactions nationally, with more than 30 million customers nationwide. With Bank Melli rolling out\u00a0<a class=\"fj er hz ia ib ic\" href=\"http:\/\/rasanebank.com\/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%AA-%D8%AF%D9%87%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9-%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C-%D9%81%D9%82%D8%B7-%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%87\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow noreferrer\">additional services<\/a>\u00a0for customers through the Bale messaging app, it seems that the incentives for using the app will continue to grow over time. In turn, the fact that bank account data is linked to citizens\u2019 state-recognised identities poses huge risks for user privacy in the long term.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"gu\">\n<div class=\"n p\">\n<div class=\"jc jd je jf jg jh ae ji af jj ah ai\">\n<figure class=\"gv gw gx gy gz gu jl jm paragraph-image\">\n<div class=\"id ie hg if ai\">\n<div class=\"cp cq jk\">\n<div class=\"hf r hg hh\">\n<div class=\"ig r\">\n<div class=\"ha hb s t u hc ai by hd he\"><\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"ns sk s t u hc ai hm\" role=\"presentation\" src=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/max\/5000\/1*g-wNX2Sr5UbTjCVIS_9Qkg.png\" sizes=\"1000px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/max\/552\/1*g-wNX2Sr5UbTjCVIS_9Qkg.png 276w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/max\/1104\/1*g-wNX2Sr5UbTjCVIS_9Qkg.png 552w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/max\/1280\/1*g-wNX2Sr5UbTjCVIS_9Qkg.png 640w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/max\/1456\/1*g-wNX2Sr5UbTjCVIS_9Qkg.png 728w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/max\/1632\/1*g-wNX2Sr5UbTjCVIS_9Qkg.png 816w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/max\/1808\/1*g-wNX2Sr5UbTjCVIS_9Qkg.png 904w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/max\/1984\/1*g-wNX2Sr5UbTjCVIS_9Qkg.png 992w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/max\/2000\/1*g-wNX2Sr5UbTjCVIS_9Qkg.png 1000w\" width=\"2500\" height=\"110\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"n p\">\n<div class=\"z ab ac ae af dd ah ai\">\n<h1 id=\"6245\" class=\"ih ii dg ay ax ij di ik dk il im in io ip iq ir is\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">What Next ?\u2014 Things to Watch, and Things to Change<\/h1>\n<p id=\"6b7e\" class=\"hn ho dg ay hp b ea it ec iu hs iv hu iw hw ix hy cy\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Many internet freedom advocates and civil right campaigners over the last year have played a key role in pointing out the dangers of forcing domestic messaging apps on Iranian users. This level of pressure and scrutiny must be maintained even in light of slow user growth by the domestic messaging apps, and we should not feel complacent in the face of a narrative that celebrates their failure.<\/p>\n<p id=\"4704\" class=\"hn ho dg ay hp b ea hq ec hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy cy\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">The last thing that digital rights advocates need to do right now is to pre-emptively celebrate the sluggish growth of domestic messaging apps over the last year. We would argue instead that Iran\u2019s primary objective is not simply to stop users from using Telegram altogether, but is rather to eventually see all Iranians using domestic messaging apps alongside foreign ones.<\/p>\n<p id=\"df87\" class=\"hn ho dg ay hp b ea hq ec hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy cy\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">In the past, this is the only way Iran has been successful in promoting domestic services above those of foreign platforms, and is the strategy that led to the rise of the video sharing platform Aparat. Although the filtering of YouTube helped create the conditions where Aparat could thrive, it is the platform\u2019s unique content offerings, unique services such as TV live streaming, and faster, cheaper access for domestic users that made the service so popular in Iran.<\/p>\n<p id=\"1ea1\" class=\"hn ho dg ay hp b ea hq ec hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy cy\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">The filtering of Telegram should force digital rights activists to pay more attention to Iran\u2019s long-term strategy for promoting domestic messaging services. It is becoming increasingly clear that Iran\u2019s strategy depends upon offering extensive financial support for domestic messaging services on the one hand, and imposing financial sanctions on Iranian users of foreign apps, by charging them higher \u2018foreign data\u2019 tariffs for using non-Iranian apps.<\/p>\n<p id=\"3b11\" class=\"hn ho dg ay hp b ea hq ec hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy cy\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Additionally, if domestic messaging apps are to be fully integrated into Iran\u2019s eGovernment and online banking ecosystem, then a large section of the Iranian public would have no choice but to download and use domestic messaging apps \u2014 especially given the high level of\u00a0<a class=\"fj er hz ia ib ic\" href=\"https:\/\/smallmedia.org.uk\/news\/filterwatch-april-2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow noreferrer\">economic activity<\/a>\u00a0that took place on Telegram prior to (and since) its filtering.<\/p>\n<p id=\"ab83\" class=\"hn ho dg ay hp b ea hq ec hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy cy\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">The only way to have a hope of protecting Iranian users from surveillance and censorship is to provide them with the freedom to choose their messaging apps based on their own security and privacy needs.<\/p>\n<p id=\"05ba\" class=\"hn ho dg ay hp b ea hq ec hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy cy\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">There are two immediate steps which need to be taken to guarantee the privacy, security and civil rights of Iranian citizens:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"\">\n<li id=\"e0a0\" class=\"hn ho dg ay hp b ea hq ec hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy iy iz ja\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"hp jb\">The SCC should immediately suspend its activities forcing domestic messaging apps on Iranian users.\u00a0<\/strong>The filtering of apps such as Telegram and the promotion of apps with wholly insufficient data protection policies like Soroush and Bale undermines Iranian citizens\u2019 right to privacy, and to access information freely. The data practices of services like Soroush are also deeply concerning, and we would express serious concern about such companies holding extensive data on user identities and online activities through the app.<\/li>\n<li id=\"5ac7\" class=\"hn ho dg ay hp b ea jv ec jw hs jx hu jy hw jz hy iy iz ja\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"hp jb\">The Rouhani government must immediately bring forward a meaningful policy programme which guarantees the privacy and security of Iranian internet users.<\/strong>\u00a0The worrying practices of domestic messaging apps over the last 10 months any consequences demonstrated that current legal framework and practices in Iran leave Iranian internet users vulnerable, and tech companies unaccountable.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p id=\"23d1\" class=\"hn ho dg ay hp b ea hq ec hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy cy\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">The lack of progress on a \u2018User Data Protection Bill\u2019, and its apparent failure to even secure the support of Rouhani\u2019s cabinet does not bode well for the future of data protections in Iran. As a consequence, the state\u2019s ongoing entanglement with unaccountable messaging apps poses a significant threat that should be taken very seriously indeed.<\/p>\n<p id=\"7a34\" class=\"hn ho dg ay hp b ea hq ec hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy cy\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Although Jahromi seeks to portray a public image an opponent of the filtering of Telegram and other platforms, he not received sufficient scrutiny for his role in bringing forward aggressive policies promoting unsafe and unaccountable domestic messaging apps.<\/p>\n<p id=\"48bb\" class=\"hn ho dg ay hp b ea hq ec hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy cy\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Until Jahromi can deliver meaningful data protection legislation (as he promised he would in mid-2018), he should be viewed as a central architect of the current ICT policy programme that looks set to incorporate domestic messaging apps into Iran\u2019s broader eGovernment ecosystem. In the coming months, we will continue to monitor this ambitious and worrying policy initiative, and hold Jahromi\u2019s ICT Ministry to account.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>As Iran continues to push domestic messaging apps on a mostly unwilling public, Kaveh Azarhoosh maps out some of the ongoing threats to citizens\u2019 digital 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16:42:22","breadcrumb_settings":null,"limit_modified_date":false,"reviewed_by":"0","open_ai":"\"\"","ai":null,"created":"2023-07-24 15:00:14","updated":"2026-01-15 16:42:22"},"aioseo_breadcrumb":"<div class=\"aioseo-breadcrumbs\"><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb\">\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/filter.watch\/english\" title=\"Home\">Home<\/a>\n<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb-separator\">\u00bb<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb\">\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/filter.watch\/english\/category\/investigations\/\" title=\"Investigations\">Investigations<\/a>\n<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb-separator\">\u00bb<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb\">\n\tDespite Slow Growth, Iran\u2019s Domestic Messaging Apps Remain A Threat to Digital Rights In Iran\n<\/span><\/div>","aioseo_breadcrumb_json":[{"label":"Home","link":"https:\/\/filter.watch\/english"},{"label":"Investigations","link":"https:\/\/filter.watch\/english\/category\/investigations\/"},{"label":"Despite Slow Growth, Iran\u2019s Domestic Messaging Apps Remain A Threat to Digital Rights In Iran","link":"https:\/\/filter.watch\/english\/2018\/12\/19\/despite-slow-growth-irans-domestic-messaging-apps-remain-a-threat-to-digital-rights-in-iran\/"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/filter.watch\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1928","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/filter.watch\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/filter.watch\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/filter.watch\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/filter.watch\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1928"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/filter.watch\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1928\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/filter.watch\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1930"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/filter.watch\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1928"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/filter.watch\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1928"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/filter.watch\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1928"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}